Some weight loss medications mentioned in this article, such as
Highlights
- Currently available medications for obesity treatment have different mechanisms of action, such as boosting metabolism, suppressing appetite, and inhibiting fat absorption.
- Patients may have varied responses to the same weight loss medication; each option is effective in its own way, and there may be the need for trial and testing.
- Despite being proven effective in weight loss, these medications have side effects and contraindications.
- Consult with a healthcare provider to formulate a weight management plan tailored to your health status and goals.
According to a 2022 survey by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), more than 40% of US adults are obese while more than 30% are overweight. In the pursuit of wanting to lose weight people look for various solutions; medications have recently become one of them. Research shows that it’s possible to lose up to 10% of the initial body weight due to such medicines, but the question is, does everyone achieve these results? Are they permanent? There is no one-size-fits-all, so continue reading to dive into all the points and find the answers.
Get a personalized weight loss plan
How Do Weight Loss Medications Work?
Anti-obesity medications have distinct active ingredients and mechanisms of action, so they influence the body systems differently.
Appetite Suppressants
As it comes from the name, these medications reduce appetite and promote feelings of satiety. Ultimately, decreased food consumption paired with increased feeling of fullness lead to weight loss. Examples of medications working this way include phentermine and naltrexone.
GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) and liraglutide (Saxenda) also suppress appetite. They’ve been initially used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes due to their ability to stimulate insulin production and lower blood sugar. GLP-1 medications also slow gastric emptying, which, in addition to the mentioned effects, helps with weight loss. Another appetite suppressant is tirzepatide (Zepbound) that has a dual mechanism of action and falls under the category of GLP and GIP receptor agonists.
Fat Absorption Blockers
These medications work by signaling the digestive system, specifically the intestines, to inhibit the fat-breaking enzyme — lipase, so they block the absorption of dietary fat from your food. This fat is excreted undigested, reducing calorie intake and weight. An example of fat absorption blockers is orlistat available under the brand name Xenical and as an over-the-counter medicine Alli.
How Effective Are Prescription Weight Loss Medications?
The effectiveness of prescription weight loss medications is based on individual factors, type of medication, dosage, and compliance with lifestyle changes. According to
So far, the FDA has approved six prescription medications for long-term weight management that have the following effects:
- Semaglutide (Wegovy): Leads to average
weight reduction of 15% [7*] in 68 weeks. The participants of the study who were given semaglutide also experienced improvement in physical functioning and cardiometabolic risk factors. - Phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia): Weight loss of
5.1% to 10.6% [8*] was observed in people taking phentermine-topiramate for weight management. The use of this medication also contributes toreduced blood sugar levels [9*] and lipid levels, decreased blood pressure, and reduced waist circumference. - Tirzepatide (Zepbound): In a study involving more than 2500 participants, average weight loss in 72 weeks was 15% on 5 mg doses, 19.5% on 10 mg doses, and almost 21% on 15 mg doses. Generally, more than 85% of participants lost at least 5% of body weight due to tirzepatide.
- Liraglutide (Saxenda): Studies show weight reduction of
5% to 10% [10*] [11*] - Naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave): Weight loss of
5% to 9.3% [12*] was observed in 56 weeks compared to 3.2–5.2% reduction on placebo. The results also showed deceased insulin resistance and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, among other effects. - Orlistat (Alli, Xenical):
Studies [13*] show 5.3% to 5.9% weight reduction and improved cardiovascular risk factors.
In addition, phentermine is approved for short-term weight management. Studies showed that it can lead to
Remember that it is unrealistic to expect weight loss medications to work miracles. Many weight loss medicines are prescribed for short-term use, primarily to minimize potential adverse effects, so, to maintain weight loss results, medications need to be incorporated into a plan that also includes new lifestyle strategies. Through MEDvidi’s online medical weight loss treatment, you can consult with a licensed provider in 48 hours to explore personalized weight management solutions and find the right approach for your needs.
Pros And Cons of Weight Loss Medications
|
Pros |
Cons |
|
|
Who Are Weight Loss Medications For?
Weight loss medications are typically prescribed to overweight individuals who meet specific criteria:
- Body Mass Index (BMI): People with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher and those with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 if they have a weight related medical condition.
- Health conditions associated with weight: Obesity is
a known risk factor [15*] for various health complications including heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, respiratory disorders, sleep apnea, mobility issues, and joint problems. In such cases, weight loss can improve overall health quality. - No contraindications: Weight loss medicines have specific contraindications, so not everyone is eligible to take them and has to consider other approaches.
- Prior failed attempts: People who have already tried various other weight loss methods but haven’t seen significant outcomes may be prescribed weight loss medications.
Keep in mind that weight loss medications are not suitable for individuals wanting to lose a small amount of their body weight or for cosmetic reasons. Also, it’s important to realize that this is a long journey that needs dedication and changes in different areas of life, including diet and exercise, to have sustainable results.
When Can Someone Consider Taking Weight Loss Pills?
Based on the prerequisites mentioned above, you may discuss weight loss medications with your physician in the following cases:
- Having a BMI of 30kg/m2 or higher or, in case of having weight-related conditions, a BMI of 27 kg/m2.
- Noticing negative effects of your body weight on your physical and mental health.
- Having underlying health conditions that may be adding to the weight-related complications.
- Multiple unsuccessful attempts of losing weight through lifestyle modifications.
However, note that the decision to prescribe any weight loss medication is at the discretion of your medical provider. They will first conduct a detailed health assessment, determine whether you may benefit from such prescription medications, and which one is suitable for you. Otherwise, they will recommend other weight loss methods.
Can You Ever Stop Taking a Weight Loss Medication?
Many weight loss medications are prescribed for a short period; even though some can be used long-term, they are not meant for lifelong treatment but rather for several months. At some point, you’ll be recommended to stop the medication and maintain the achieved results through healthy lifestyle principles.
Some important points to keep in mind are the following:
- Gradual tapering: Instead of stopping a weight loss medication abruptly, you’ll get a tapering schedule from your clinician. It means you’ll gradually lower the dosage over a span to reduce the risk of side effects.
- Regular follow-ups: After stopping weight loss medication you should regularly visit your healthcare provider for follow-up appointments. It is necessary for monitoring your health dynamics, addressing adverse effects if any, and helping you maintain your healthy weight.
- Continue lifestyle changes: One of the most important factors is to practice lifestyle changes even after stopping weight loss medications to help the weight stay stable.
Do Weight Loss Supplements Work?
You may have heard about weight loss aids in your circle or on social media, such as garcinia cambogia extract, green coffee bean extract, hydroxycut, glucomannan, and others. However, note that weight loss supplements and over-the-counter weight loss medications do not undergo vigorous FDA regulation the same way as prescription medications, and there is also insufficient evidence of their effectiveness. Due to these reasons, it is important to always practice caution and consult with a healthcare practitioner before taking any supplements.
Conclusion
Prescription medications for weight loss have proven effectiveness but they are not a universal solution. Their efficacy depends on many parameters, from health status to lifestyle. If you want to learn whether you are eligible for such medicines, which one can be suitable for you, and receive a prescription online if clinically appropriate, consult with our medical providers — book an appointment to start your weight loss journey.
FAQ
When will a doctor prescribe me weight loss medication?
Your doctor’s decision to prescribe you weight loss medication depends on various factors, including body mass index (BMI), obesity-related and other health risks, medical history, and any medications you are currently taking. Weight loss medicine is not a solution for everyone, so you may be recommended to try other approaches based on the results of your health assessment.
How long does it take for weight loss medication to work?
Typically, if weight loss medications are taken in combination with a calorie deficit and exercise, you will see results in 8 to 12 weeks. However, the exact time period varies depending on the individual factors and medication in use.
Who should avoid weight loss medications?
Despite the efficacy, there are certain groups of people who should avoid weight loss medications. Some medications are not suitable for people with cardiovascular issues, thyroid issues, liver or kidney problems, the history of eating disorders, and other conditions. They are not suitable for breastfeeding and pregnant individuals. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider and inform them about all medical information so they can make an informed and the most suitable decision regarding weight loss medication in your case.
What is the goal of treatment — losing weight or getting healthy?
The primary goal is to improve your health, which may require body weight reduction if you have obesity-related health conditions. Weight loss medications are prescribed to those meeting certain eligibility criteria, not to anyone willing to shed a few pounds. If you have difficulty formulating your weight loss goals, our medical team is here to help you; book an appointment to consult a licensed healthcare provider.
